Center for Agriculture and the Economy
Leveraging expertise from the Kansas City Fed, the Center provides timely analysis of industry developments and conducts ongoing research on the agricultural economy.
Spotlight: Farm Income and Credit Conditions
According to Federal Reserve surveys, agricultural credit conditions tightened gradually in the third quarter of 2025. Farm borrower income and loan repayment rates across the Midwest and Plains States declined at a pace similar to recent months while renewal and extension activity also increased at a comparable rate. Farm finances have tightened alongside weakness in the crop sector, but strength in the cattle sector has supported conditions in some areas. Read more.
*Lenders responded by indicating whether conditions during the current quarter were higher than, lower than, or the same as in the year-earlier period. The index numbers are computed by subtracting the percentage of survey respondents who responded "lower" from the percentage who responded "higher" and adding 100.
Note: The farm income index is the average of individual indices for the Kansas City, Minneapolis and St. Louis Districts. The loan repayment rate and renewal or extensions index is the average of individual indices for the Dallas, Chicago, Kansas City, Minneapolis and St. Louis Districts.
Source: Federal Reserve Surveys of Agricultural Credit Conditions
Research and Information
Ag Finance Updates
Read articles summarizing recent national developments in agricultural finance and lending.
Ag Bulletin
Review the latest Ag Bulletin for a summary of national ag conditions.
Ag Credit Survey
The quarterly Ag Credit Survey provides current indicators of the financial performance of Tenth District agriculture.
Ag Research Hub
Find all of the Kansas City Fed's research and resources on agriculture and related topics.
System Resources
Find links to research and resources on agriculture and rural topics from throughout the Federal Reserve System.
Latest Research and Updates
Agriculture
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Firm-Level Pass-Through of Supply Chain Disruptions: Insights from the U.S. Beef Market | -
Omaha Branch holds Economic Forum | -
Federal Reserve Bank of Kansas City Launches Center for Agriculture and the Economy | -
Biofuel Policies Are Likely to Drive Future Demand for U.S. Corn and Soybeans | -
Food and Agriculture Economic Summit Highlights Factors Influencing Investment in Food Production and Distribution | -
Ag Summit highlights food production and distribution trends |
Agricultural Finance
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Credit Conditions Tighten Gradually | -
Disparate Conditions in Crop and Livestock Sectors Evident in Credit Conditions | -
Larger Operating and Livestock Loans Drive Farm Lending Demand | -
Farm Debt at Agricultural Banks Continues to Build | -
Weakness in Crop Sector Weighs Further on Farm Finances | -
Farm Financial Conditions Continue to Deteriorate |
Presentations
- Update on the U.S. Agricultural Economy |
- Outlook for the U.S. and U.S. Agriculture |
- Farm Economy and Financial Outlook |
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Remarks on the Outlook and Monetary Policy | - Economic Outlook for U.S. Agriculture - May |
- Economic Outlook for U.S. Agriculture |
The Kansas City Fed's Continuing Commitment to Agriculture
Through regular surveys, analysis and connections across the industry, the Kansas City Fed has had a longstanding focus on U.S. and global agriculture. Leveraging this expertise, the Center for Agriculture and the Economy serves as a resource within the Federal Reserve System by providing timely analysis of industry developments and conducting ongoing research on the agricultural economy. The Kansas City Fed is committed to understanding developments in the agricultural economy and gathering perspectives from rural America in order to include them in discussions on the national economy.
Announcing the Center for Agriculture and the Economy
Through its regular surveys, analysis and connections across the industry, the Kansas City Fed has had a longstanding focus on the U.S. and global agricultural economy. Leveraging this expertise, the Center for Agriculture and the Economy will serve as a resource within the Federal Reserve System by providing timely analysis of industry developments and conducting ongoing research on the agricultural economy and the rural regions where production predominates